Early Netherlandish painting

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The Arnolfini Portrait, Jan van Eyck, 1434. Oil on oak panel, 84.5cm × 62.5 cm. National Gallery, London.

Early Netherlandish painting refers to the work of artists, also known as the Flemish Primitives, active in the Low Countries during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance, especially in the flourishing Burgundian cities of Bruges and Ghent. The period begins approximately with the careers of Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck and continues at least to the death of Gerard David in 1523. The end of the period is disputed: many scholars extend it to the death of Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1569, or the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568, or to the start of the 17th century. The period corresponds to the early and high Italian Renaissance but is seen as an independent artistic culture, separate from the Renaissance humanism that characterised developments in central Italy. Because the art of these painters represent the culmination of the northern European Mediaeval artistic heritage and the incorporation of Renaissance ideals, it is categorised as belonging to both the Early Renaissance and the Late Gothic.

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