Brown dwarf
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 This brown dwarf (smaller object) orbits the star Gliese 229, which is located in the constellation Lepus about 19 light years from Earth. The brown dwarf, called Gliese 229B, is about 20 to 50 times the mass of Jupiter. |
Brown dwarfs are sub-stellar objects which are too low in mass to sustain hydrogen-1 fusion reactions in their cores, which is characteristic of stars on the main sequence. Brown dwarfs have fully convective surfaces and interiors, with no chemical differentiation by depth. They occupy the mass range between that of large gas giants and the lowest-mass stars; this upper limit is between 75</ref> and 80 Jupiter masses (<math>M_J</math>). Currently there is some debate concerning what criterion to use for defining the separation between a brown dwarf and a giant planet at very low brown dwarf masses (~13 <math>M_J</math> ), and whether brown dwarfs are required to have experienced fusion at some point in their history. In any event, brown dwarfs heavier than 13 <math>M_J</math> do fuse deuterium and those above ~65 <math>M_J</math> also fuse lithium. Some planets are known to orbit brown dwarfs: 2M1207b, MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb, and 2MASS J044144b.
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- Related: Dark matter, Brown-dwarf desert, Orange dwarf, Red dwarf, Yellow dwarf
| The Columbia Encyclopedia The Columbia Encyclopedia www.bartleby.com/65/br/browndwa.html - Web |
| A current list of L and T dwarfs A current list of L and T dwarfs www.dwarfarchives.org - Web |
| A geological definition of brown dwarfs A geological definition of brown dwarfs astron.berkeley.edu/~stars/bdwarfs/structbd.html - Web |
Gallery for «Brown dwarf»
- Tdwarf art.jpg
Average relevance
| On spectral analysis On spectral analysis www-int.stsci.edu/~inr/ldwarf1.html - Web |
| Temperature and mass characteristics Temperature and mass characteristics www-int.stsci.edu/~inr/ldwarf3.html - Web |
| First X-ray from brown dwarf observed First X-ray from brown dwarf observed www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=2192 - Web |
| Brown Dwarfs and ultracool dwarfs (late-M, L, T) Brown Dwarfs and ultracool dwarfs (late-M, L, T) www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/recopilaciones/enanasmarrones.html - Web |
| Wild Weather: Iron Rain on Failed Stars Wild Weather: Iron Rain on Failed Stars www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060703_mystery_monday.html - Web |
| NASA Brown dwarf detectives NASA Brown dwarf detectives www.nasa.gov/.../brown_dwarf_detectives.html - Web |
| Brown Dwarfs Brown Dwarfs www.darkstar1.co.uk/ds3.htm - Web |
| Cha Halpha 1 Cha Halpha 1 ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/documents/compendium/cha_halpha1/ - Web |
Low relevance
| A census of observed brown dwarfs A census of observed brown dwarfs astron.berkeley.edu/~stars/bdwarfs/observbd.html - Web |
| Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb www.spaceref.ca/news/viewpr.html?pid=12596 - Web |
| Luhman et al., Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown... Luhman et al., Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-4357/635/1/L93/20043.html - Web |
| Discovery Narrows the Gap Between Planets and Brow... Discovery Narrows the Gap Between Planets and Brown Dwarfs, 2007 www.gemini.edu/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=232 - Web |
| Y-Spectral class for Ultra-Cool Dwarfs, N.R.Deacon... Y-Spectral class for Ultra-Cool Dwarfs, N.R.Deacon and N.C.Hambly, 2006 xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0607305 - Web |
