Fayetteville, Arkansas

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The house that served as Union headquarters during the action at Fayetteville is operated today as a museum about the war.

The telegraph came to Fayetteville in 1860, strung along the Military Road from Jefferson City, Missouri to Little Rock. During the American Civil War, the Union General Benjamin McCulloch torched all non-essential buildings in Fayetteville in 1862, to reduce resources for Confederates. The following week, the Battle of Pea Ridge took place northeast of Fayetteville. The city housed wounded soldiers from the Battle of Prairie Grove in December 1862, and housed injured troops on Dickson Street. Confederate troops besieged Union soldiers in Fayetteville on April 18, 1863 at the present-day intersection of College Avenue and Dickson Street, and at their headquarters. Union soldiers held the city against cannon fire and cavalry attacks, although their headquarters sustained damage. The building was restored and is operated as the Headquarters House, a museum of the Washington County Historical Society. Union forces repelled a Confederate attack in October 1864. After the war, the United States government established the Fayetteville National Cemetery in 1867. A cemetery for Confederate dead was founded in 1873.

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