Communication with submarines
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Electromagnetic waves in the ELF frequency range (3–300 Hz) (see also SLF) can penetrate seawater to depths of hundreds of meters, allowing communication with submarines at their operating depths. Building an ELF transmitter is a formidable challenge, as they have to work at incredibly long wavelengths: The US Navy's system (called Seafarer) operated at 76 hertz, the Soviet/Russian system (called ZEVS) at 82 hertz. The latter corresponds to a wavelength of 3,658.5 kilometers. That is more than a quarter of the Earth's diameter. Obviously, the usual half-wavelength dipole antenna cannot be constructed, as it would spread across a large country.
- See also: Wikipedia
- Related: TACAMO, Extremely low frequency, Super low frequency
| Radio Communications of German U-boats in WWI and ... Radio Communications of German U-boats in WWI and WWII uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=35 - Web |
| About the U.S. ELF projects About the U.S. ELF projects www.plrc.org/docs/941005B.pdf - Web |
| ZEVS, The Russian 82 Hz ELF Transmitter ZEVS, The Russian 82 Hz ELF Transmitter www.vlf.it/zevs/zevs.htm - Web |
Gallery for «Communication with submarines»
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| Extremely Low Frequency Transmitter Site Clam Lake... Extremely Low Frequency Transmitter Site Clam Lake, Wisconsin enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/.../fs_clam_lake_elf2003.pdf - Web |
| Military Communications by Christopher H. Sterling Military Communications by Christopher H. Sterling books.google.com/books?id=RBC2nY1rp5MC - Web |
