Data Encryption Standard
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 The EFF's US$250,000 DES cracking machine contained 1,856 custom chips and could brute force a DES key in a matter of days — the photo shows a DES Cracker circuit board fitted with several Deep Crack chips. |
The Data Encryption Standard (DES, or ) is a previously predominant algorithm for the encryption of electronic data. It was highly influential in the advancement of modern cryptography in the academic world. Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) following the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data. In 1976, after consultation with the National Security Agency (NSA), the NBS eventually selected a slightly modified version, which was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977. The publication of an NSA-approved encryption standard simultaneously resulted in its quick international adoption and widespread academic scrutiny. Controversies arose out of classified design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, nourishing suspicions about a backdoor. The intense academic scrutiny the algorithm received over time led to the modern understanding of block ciphers and their cryptanalysis.
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| FIPS 46-3: The official document describing the DE... FIPS 46-3: The official document describing the DES standard csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips46-3/fips46-3.pdf - Web |
| COPACOBANA, a $10,000 DES cracker based on FPGAs b... COPACOBANA, a $10,000 DES cracker based on FPGAs by the Universities of Bochum and Kiel www.sciengines.com/copacobana - Web |
| DES step-by-step presentation and reliable message... DES step-by-step presentation and reliable message encoding application dhost.info/pasjagor/des/ - Web |
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| A Fast New DES Implementation in Software - Biham A Fast New DES Implementation in Software - Biham www.cs.technion.ac.il/.../CS0891.ps - Web |
| On Multiple Linear Approximations On Multiple Linear Approximations eprint.iacr.org/2004/057.ps.gz - Web |
| RFC4772 : Security Implications of Using the Data ... RFC4772 : Security Implications of Using the Data Encryption Standard (DES) www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4772.txt - Web |
