El Niño–Southern Oscillation
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), or El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation, is a quasiperiodic climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years. The Southern Oscillation refers to variations in the temperature of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean (warming and cooling known as El Niño and La Niña respectively) and in air surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific. The two variations are coupled: the warm oceanic phase, El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the western Pacific, while the cold phase, La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure in the western Pacific. Mechanisms that cause the oscillation remain under study.
- Related: Indian Ocean Dipole, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Arctic oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation
International Research Centre on El Niño-CIIFEN International Research Centre on El Niño-CIIFEN www.ciifen-int.org - Web |
Latest ENSO updates & predictions from the Interna... Latest ENSO updates & predictions from the International Research Institute for Climate and Society iri.columbia.edu/climate/ENSO/currentinfo/QuickLook.html - Web |
PO.DAAC's El Niño Animations PO.DAAC's El Niño Animations podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/el-nino/index.html - Web |
Average relevance
National Academy of Sciences El Niño/La Niña artic... National Academy of Sciences El Niño/La Niña article www7.nationalacademies.org/opus/elnino.html - Web |
NOAA FAQ "What is ENSO?" NOAA FAQ "What is ENSO?" www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/.../ensofaq.shtml#ENSO - Web |
Latest El Niño/La Niña Data from NASA Latest El Niño/La Niña Data from NASA sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/science/jason1-quick-look/ - Web |
Economic Costs of El Niño / La Niña and Economic B... Economic Costs of El Niño / La Niña and Economic Benefits from Improved Forecasting www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/esb/?goal=climate&file=events/enso/ - Web |
El-Niño–Southern Oscillation El-Niño–Southern Oscillation www.linkingweatherandclimate.com/ENSO/ - Web |
El Niño and La Niña from the 1999 International Re... El Niño and La Niña from the 1999 International Red Cross World Disasters Report www.ericjlyman.com/elnino.html - Web |
ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml - Web |
La Niña episodes in the Tropical Pacific La Niña episodes in the Tropical Pacific www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/.../cold_impacts.shtml - Web |
Low relevance
NOAA announces 2004 El Niño NOAA announces 2004 El Niño www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2317.htm - Web |
NOAA El Niño Page NOAA El Niño Page www.elnino.noaa.gov - Web |
Ocean Motion: El Niño Ocean Motion: El Niño www.oceanmotion.org/html/impact/el-nino.htm - Web |
SOI (Southern Oscillation Index) SOI (Southern Oscillation Index) www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/soid.htm - Web |
The Climate of Peru The Climate of Peru www.limaperunet.com/climate/climateall.html - Web |
What is El Niño? What is El Niño? www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/el-nino-story.html - Web |
What is La Niña? What is La Niña? www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/la-nina-story.html - Web |
El-Nino, La-Nina, Southern Oscillation, ENSO El-Nino, La-Nina, Southern Oscillation, ENSO biophysics.sbg.ac.at/atmo/elnino.htm - Web |
Kelvin Wave Renews El Niño - NASA, Earth Observato... Kelvin Wave Renews El Niño - NASA, Earth Observatory image of the day, 2010, March 21 earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=43105 - Web |
Animation of ENSO in Victoria, Australia Animation of ENSO in Victoria, Australia www.new.dpi.vic.gov.au/.../enso - Web |