Geoid
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 Three-dimensional visualization of geoid undulations, using units of gravity. |
The geoid is that equipotential surface which would coincide with the mean ocean surface of the Earth, if the oceans and atmosphere were in equilibrium, at rest relative to the rotating Earth, and extended through the continents (such as with very narrow canals). According to Gauss, who first described it, it is the "mathematical figure of the Earth", a smooth but highly irregular surface that corresponds not to the actual surface of the Earth's crust, but to a surface which can only be known through extensive gravitational measurements and calculations. Despite being an important concept for almost two hundred years in the history of geodesy and geophysics, it has only been defined to high precision in recent decades, for instance by works of Petr Vaníček and others. It is often described as the true physical figure of the Earth, in contrast to the idealized geometrical figure of a reference ellipsoid.
- See also: Wikipedia
- Related: Physical geodesy, Geodesy
| Main NGA (was NIMA) page on Earth gravity models Main NGA (was NIMA) page on Earth gravity models earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/index.html - Web |
| EGM96 NASA GSFC Earth gravity model EGM96 NASA GSFC Earth gravity model cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/egm96/egm96.html - Web |
| Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008, Released ... Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008, Released in July 2008) earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/gravitymod/egm2008/index.html - Web |
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| NOAA Geoid webpage NOAA Geoid webpage www.ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID/ - Web |
| GeographicLib GeographicLib geographiclib.sourceforge.net - Web |
| Kiamehr's Geoid Home Page Kiamehr's Geoid Home Page www.kiamehr.ir/geoid.htm - Web |
| Geoid tutorial from Li and Gotze Geoid tutorial from Li and Gotze www.fugro-gravmag.com/.../Li_Goetze_Geophysics_2001.pdf - Web |
| Geoid tutorial at GRACE website Geoid tutorial at GRACE website www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/gravity/gravity_definition.html - Web |
| Precise Geoid Determination Based on the Least-Squ... Precise Geoid Determination Based on the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula www.infra.kth.se/geo/geollab.htm - Web |
| View EGM2008, EGM96 and EGM84 on Google Maps View EGM2008, EGM96 and EGM84 on Google Maps www.surveying.org/home.htm - Web |
