Hephthalite Empire

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Hephthalite coin of King Lakhana of Udyana, 5th century, legend: "Raja Lakhana (udaya) ditya".

The Hephthalites (also spelled Ephthalites) were a Central Asian nomadic confederation of the AD 5th–6th centuries. Their precise origins and composition remain obscure. The Hephthalite Empire was located in the territories of present-day Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and China. The stronghold of the Hephthalite power was Tokharistan on the northern slopes of the Hindukush, present-day northeastern Afghanistan. The Hephthalites repeatedly defeated Sasanian Persia, the most powerful empire of the period to their southwest. By 479, the Hephthalites had conquered Sogdiana and driven the Kidarites westwards, and by 493 they had defeated the Turgesh Khaganate and captured areas of present-day northwestern China. By the end of the 5th century, the Hephthalites overthrew the Indian Gupta Empire to their southeast and conquered a large part of their area.

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