Pharmacology
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 A variety of topics involved with pharmacology, including neuropharmacology, renal pharmacology, human metabolism, intracellular metabolism, and intracellular regulation. |
Pharmacology (from Greek , pharmakon, "poison" in classic Greek; "drug" in modern Greek; and , -logia "study of", "knowledge of") is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the cell) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The former studies the effects of the drugs on biological systems, and the latter the effects of biological systems on the drugs. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function. It is the study of drugs, of the reactions of the body and drug on each other, the sources of drugs, their nature, and their properties. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role. In either field, the primary contrast between the two are their distinctions between direct-patient care, for pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology.
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| American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental... American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics www.aspet.org - Web |
| British Pharmacological Society British Pharmacological Society www.bps.ac.uk - Web |
| Pharmaceutical company profiles at NNDB Pharmaceutical company profiles at NNDB www.nndb.com/lists/623/000098329/ - Web |
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| International Conference on Harmonisation International Conference on Harmonisation www.ich.org - Web |
| US Pharmacopeia US Pharmacopeia www.usp.org - Web |
| International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmaco... International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology www.iuphar.org - Web |
| IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug... IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification www.iuphar-db.org - Web |
