Unit record equipment
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 An IBM 407 Accounting Machine at US Army's Redstone Arsenal in 1961. |
Before the advent of electronic computers, data processing was performed using electromechanical devices called unit record equipment, electric accounting machines (EAM) or tabulating machines. Unit record machines were as ubiquitous in industry and government in the first half of the twentieth century as computers became in the second half. They allowed large volume, sophisticated, data-processing tasks to be accomplished long before modern (electronic) computers were invented. This data processing was accomplished by processing decks of punched cards through various unit record machines in a carefully choreographed progression. This progression, or flow, from machine to machine was often planned and documented with drawings that used standardized symbols for the various machine functions, drawings that today would be called flowcharts. The machines all had high-speed mechanical feeders to process from around one hundred cards per minute, to 2,000 cards per minute, sensing punched holes with either electrical or optical sensors. The operation of many machines was directed by the use of a removable control panel. Initially all machines were constructed using electromechanical counters and relays. Electronic components were introduced on some machines beginning in the late 1940s.
- See also: Wikipedia
- Related: Fredrik Rosing Bull, Gustav Tauschek, IBM 6400 Series, Leslie Comrie, Powers-Samas, Remington Rand, Wallace John Eckert
| Columbia University Computing History: IBM Tabulat... Columbia University Computing History: IBM Tabulators and Accounting Machines www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/tabulator.html - Web |
| Columbia University Computing History: IBM Calcula... Columbia University Computing History: IBM Calculators www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/calculator.html - Web |
| Columbia University Computing History: IBM Card In... Columbia University Computing History: IBM Card Interpreters www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/interpreter.html - Web |
Gallery for «Unit record equipment»
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| Columbia University Computing History: IBM Reprodu... Columbia University Computing History: IBM Reproducing / Summary Punches www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/reproducer.html - Web |
| Columbia University Computing History: IBM Collato... Columbia University Computing History: IBM Collators www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/collator.html - Web |
| Columbia University Computing History: L.J. Comrie Columbia University Computing History: L.J. Comrie www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/comrie.html - Web |
| Early office museum Early office museum www.officemuseum.com/data_processing_machines.htm - Web |
| IBM Archives IBM Archives www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ - Web |
| IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army www.webcitation.org/.../ibm.html&date=2009-10-26+00:15:26 - Web |
| IBM early Card Reader and 1949 electronic Calculat... IBM early Card Reader and 1949 electronic Calculator www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBeuhyIGe4I - Web |
| Still working Tabulating machines and punched card... Still working Tabulating machines and punched card equipment www.technikum29.de/en/computer/punchcard.shtm - Web |
Low relevance
| IBM Punched Card Accounting Machines (1955) IBM Punched Card Accounting Machines (1955) www.computercollector.com/archive/ibm/pcaa/ - Web |
| IBM Punched Card Data Processing Principles (1961) IBM Punched Card Data Processing Principles (1961) www.computercollector.com/archive/ibm/pcdpp/ - Web |
